BirdFluCases.txt1 饼图
1.1 载入数据
setwd("E:/R/R-beginer-guide/data/RBook") BFCases <- read.table(file="BirdFluCases.txt",header=TRUE) names(BFCases) str(BFCases) 第一次报错：
> setwd("E:/R/R-beginer-guide/data/RBook")> BFCases <- read.table(file="BirdFluCases.txt",header=TRUE)错误于make.names(col.names, unique = TRUE) : 多字节字符串8有错> names(BFCases)错误: 找不到对象'BFCases'> str(BFCases)错误于str(BFCases) : 找不到对象'BFCases'> 打开BirdFluCases.txt文件，发现有个’?‘ 删除即可
再次运行载入脚本
> setwd("E:/R/R-beginer-guide/data/RBook")> BFCases <- read.table(file="BirdFluCases.txt",header=TRUE)> names(BFCases) [1] "Year" "Azerbaijan" "Bangladesh" "Cambodia" "China" [6] "Djibouti" "Egypt" "Indonesia" "Iraq" "LaoPDR" [11] "Myanmar" "Nigeria" "Pakistan" "Thailand" "Turkey" [16] "VietNam" > str(BFCases)'data.frame': 6 obs. of 16 variables: $ Year : int 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 $ Azerbaijan: int 0 0 0 8 0 0 $ Bangladesh: int 0 0 0 0 0 1 $ Cambodia : int 0 0 4 2 1 0 $ China : int 1 0 8 13 5 3 $ Djibouti : int 0 0 0 1 0 0 $ Egypt : int 0 0 0 18 25 7 $ Indonesia : int 0 0 20 55 42 18 $ Iraq : int 0 0 0 3 0 0 $ LaoPDR : int 0 0 0 0 2 0 $ Myanmar : int 0 0 0 0 1 0 $ Nigeria : int 0 0 0 0 1 0 $ Pakistan : int 0 0 0 0 3 0 $ Thailand : int 0 17 5 3 0 0 $ Turkey : int 0 0 0 12 0 0 $ VietNam : int 3 29 61 0 8 5> 准备数据源
Cases <- rowSums(BFCases[,2:16]) names(Cases) <- BFCases[,1] Cases生成饼图的代码
par(mfrow=c(2,2),mar=c(3,2,2,1)) pie(Cases,main="Ordinary pie chart") pie(Cases,col=gray(seq(0.4,1.0,length=6)),clockwise=TRUE,main="Gray colours") pie(Cases,col=rainbow(6),clockwise=TRUE,main="Rainbow colours") library(plotrix) pie3D(Cases,labels=names(Cases),explode=0.1,main="3D pie chart",labelcex=0.6)
效果图:
par函数：mfrowc(2,2)表示生成四个面板 mar用来调整四侧边缘线的数目
clockwise=TRUE 表示按照瞬时间排时间
2 条形图
载入数据
BFDeaths <- read.table(file="BirdFluDeaths.txt",header=TRUE) Deaths <- rowSums(BFDeaths[,2:16]) names(Deaths) <- BFDeaths[,1] Deaths生成条形图的代码:
par(mfrow = c(2,2),mar = c(3,3,2,1)) barplot(Cases,main="Bird Flu cases") Counts <- cbind(Cases,Deaths) barplot(Counts) barplot(t(Counts),col = gray(c(0.5,1))) barplot(t(Counts),beside = TRUE)效果图
3 显示均值和标准差的条形图
载入数据
Benthic <- read.table(file="RIKZ2.txt",header = TRUE) Bent.M <- tapply(Benthic$Richness,INDEX=Benthic$Beach,FUN=mean) Bent.sd <- tapply(Benthic$Richness,INDEX=Benthic$Beach,FUN=sd) MSD <- cbind(Bent.M,Bent.sd) MSD
图形显示代码
barplot(Bent.M) barplot(Bent.M,xlab="Beach",ylim=c(0,20),ylab="Richness",col=rainbow(9)) bp <- barplot(Bent.M,xlab="Beach",ylim=c(0,20),ylab="Richness",col=rainbow(9)) arrows(bp,Bent.M,bp,Bent.M+Bent.sd,lwd=1.5,angle=90,length=0.1) box()带形图
Benth.le <- tapply(Benthic$Richness,INDEX=Benthic$Beach,FUN=length) Benth.se <- Bent.sd / sqrt(Benth.le) stripchart(Benthic$Richness ~ Benthic$Beach,vert = TRUE,pch=1,method="jitter", jit=0.05,xlab="Beach",ylab="Richness") points(1:9,Bent.M,pch=16,cex=1.5) arrows(1:9,Bent.M,1:9,Bent.M+Benth.se,lwd = 1.5,angle = 90,length = 0.1) arrows(1:9,Bent.M,1:9,Bent.M-Benth.se,lwd = 1.5,angle = 90,length = 0.1)
盒形图
载入数据
Owls <- read.table("Owls.txt",header = TRUE) boxplot(Owls$NegPerChick,main="Negotiation per chick") 描绘图形
par(mfrow = c(2,2),mar = c(3,3,2,1)) boxplot(NegPerChick ~ SexParent,data = Owls) boxplot(NegPerChick ~ FoodTreatment,data = Owls) boxplot(NegPerChick ~ SexParent * FoodTreatment,data = Owls) boxplot(NegPerChick ~ SexParent * FoodTreatment,names = c("F/Dep","M/Dep","F/Sat","M/Sat"),data = Owls) 另外一个盒形图
代码
par(mar = c(2,2,3,3)) boxplot(NegPerChick ~ Nest,data = Owls,axes = FALSE,ylim =c (-3,8.5)) axis(2,at = c(0,2,4,6,8)) text(x=1:27,y = -2,labels=levels(Owls$Nest),cex=0.75,srt = 65)克里夫兰点图
Deer <- read.table(file="Deer.txt",header = TRUE,fill = TRUE) dotchart(Deer$LCT,xlab="Length (cm)",ylab=" Observation number") Isna <- is.na(Deer$Sex) dotchart(Deer$LCT[!Isna],groups=factor(Deer$Sex[!Isna]),xlab="Length(cm)", ylab="Observation number grouped by sex)
另外一个添加均值的例子
Benthic <- read.table(file="RIKZ2.txt",header = TRUE) Benthic$fBeach <- factor(Benthic$Beach) par(mfrow = c(1,2)) dotchart(Benthic$Richness,groups = Benthic$fBeach,xlab = "Richness",ylab="Beach") Bent.M <- tapply(Benthic$Richness,Benthic$Beach,FUN=mean) dotchart(Benthic$Richness,groups = Benthic$fBeach,gdata=Bent.M, gpch=19,xlab="Richness", ylab="Beach") legend("bottomright",c("values","mean"),pch=c(1,19),bg="white") 效果图 
plot实战1
plot(y = Benthic$Richness,x = Benthic$NAP,xlab="Mean high tide (m)", ylab="Species richness",main="Benthic data") M0 <- lm(Richness ~ NAP ,data = Benthic) abline(M0)plot 实战2
plot(y = Benthic$Richness,x = Benthic$NAP, xlab="Mean high tide (m)",ylab="Species richness", main="Benthic data",xlim=c(-3,3),ylim=c(0,20))plot实战3
plot(y = Benthic$Richness,x = Benthic$NAP, type="n",axes=FALSE , xlab="Mean high tide (m)",ylab="Species richness") points(y = Benthic$Richness,x = Benthic$NAP)plot实战4
plot(y = Benthic$Richness,x = Benthic$NAP, type="n",axes=FALSE , xlab="Mean high tide (m)",ylab="Species richness", xlim = c(-1.75,2),ylim = c(0,20)) points(y = Benthic$Richness,x = Benthic$NAP) axis(2,at = c(0,10,20),tcl = 1) axis(1,at = c(-1.75,0,2),labels=c("Sea","Water line","Dunes")) plot实战5
Birds <- read.table(file="loyn.txt",header =TRUE) Birds$LOGAREA <- log10(Birds$AREA) plot(x=Birds$LOGAREA,y=Birds$ABUND,xlab="Log transformed area", ylab="Bird adbundance") M0 <- lm(ABUND~LOGAREA+GRAZE,data=Birds) summary(M0) LAR <- seq(from=-1,to =3,by =1) ABUND1 <- 15.7+7.2*LAR ABUND2 <- 16.1+7.2*LAR ABUND3 <- 15.5+7.2*LAR ABUND4 <- 14.1+7.2*LAR ABUND5 <- 3.8+7.2*LAR lines(LAR,ABUND1,lty = 1,lwd=1,col=1) lines(LAR,ABUND2,lty = 2,lwd=2,col=2) lines(LAR,ABUND3,lty = 3,lwd=3,col=3) lines(LAR,ABUND4,lty = 4,lwd=4,col=4) lines(LAR,ABUND5,lty = 5,lwd=5,col=5) legend.txt <- c("Graze 1","Graze 2","Graze 3","Graze 4","Graze 5") legend("topleft",legend=legend.txt, col=c(1,2,3,4,5), lty=c(1,2,3,4,5), lwd=c(1,2,3,4,5), bty="o",cex=0.8) plot实战6
Whales <- read.table(file="TeethNitrogen.txt", header=TRUE) N.Moby <- Whales$X15N[Whales$Tooth=="Moby"] Age.Moby <- Whales$Age[Whales$Tooth=="Moby"] plot(x=Age.Moby,y=N.Moby,xlab="Age",ylab=expression(paste(delta^{15},"N")))